Back to Enhanced Slow-Burning Model
                      HAUGEN SYSTEMS SLOW-BURNING MODEL BACKTEST
In this test we constructed portfolios based on a population of the largest 1,000 stocks.  Fifty stocks with the 
highest expected return were added at the beginning, four stocks were rebalanced each month, and the 
monthly returns were linked together to compute an annualized return.  At beginning of each year, we also 
made sure that the portfolio's sector weights were within 200% of the S&P 500's sector weighting.  The 
turnover in these portfolios approximates 100% per year.  Then 11 more tests were run, each starting on a 
different month in 1996, but otherwise employing the same rules.  Finally, the 12 test's annualized returns 
were averaged and shown below. 
So the first column shows average portfolio returns for the 12 tests done on the standard model.  Then, we
ran a backtest utilizing proprietary improvements to the model developed over the last three years, producing
new alphas.  We then constructed portfolios using the same methodology as with the standard model,
 buy 50 stocks with the highest expected return, rebalance 4 a month, and link the returns.  The results 
are presented in the 2nd column.  The annual returns for the S&P is included in the right column for comparison 
purposes.
              Standard                Enhanced,  S&P
                 Model            Slow-Burning 500
                    Model Index
Total Return Excess Return Total Return Excess Return Total Return
1996 39.85% 16.88% 45.92% 22.96% 22.96%
1997 28.85% -4.52% 38.72% 5.35% 33.36%
1998 25.34% -3.23% 36.36% 7.78% 28.58%
1999 39.83% 18.79% 48.13% 27.09% 21.04%
2000 1.27% 10.37% -4.81% 4.29% -9.11%
2001 -1.54% 10.34% 1.80% 13.68% -11.89%
2002 5.42% 27.52% 3.79% 25.89% -22.10%
2003 30.29% 1.61% 31.39% 2.70% 28.68%
2004 23.87% 12.99% 25.73% 14.85% 10.88%
2005* 32.73% 27.82% 36.72% 31.81% 4.91%
Average Linked Annual Ret. 21.67% 11.33% 24.96% 15.20% 9.07%
Average Annual Return 22.59% 11.86% 26.37% 15.64% 10.73%
Longitudinal Std.Dev. 15.41% 11.45% 19.23% 10.64% 19.51%
Information Ratio N/A 0.99 N/A 1.43 N/A
T-Stat for the Mean Return 4.40 2.97 4.12 4.29 1.65
Probability Total (Excess) Ret < 0 7.70% 16.91% 9.32% 8.33% 28.43%
Each test's results were computed as follows
   1. First the test that began in January had the monthly returns linked together to get an annual total return for 1996.  Linking is the 
       geometric average calculated by adding 1 to each monthly return, multiplying the numbers together, and subtracting 1.
   2. Then 1997 thru 2005 had the total returns calculated in a similar way. 
   3. Then the February portfolio's annual returns were calculated the same way, then March, and so on resulting in a table 
       with 6 by 12 annual returns
   4. Then 1996's average annual return was calculated by taking the arithmetic average of all 12 portfolio's 1996 results
   5. The rest of the year's average annual returns were then calculated.
The Average Linked Annual Return was then computed by linking these average annual returns together.  Like with the monthly 
   returns, above, we added 1 to each annual return, and multiplied the numbers together.  Then, that product was taken to the 
   12 / 120th power before subtracting by one.  The numbers from Greenblatt's books were already geometric averages, so the 
   average linked annual return could be calculated the same way as in the rest of the columns.
The Average Annual Return is the arithmetic average of each test's (eg Jan96, Jan97, Feb96, etc) monthly total return.
The longitudinal standard deviation is calculated by taking a standard, non-biased standard deviation of the average annual returns
The information ratio is the average excess return divided by the standard deviation of the excess returns
The t-stat is the average annual return divided by the standard deviation divided by the square root of the number of years in the study.
The probability is calculated by first finding the range of returns in the bell curve (eg, 95% of the returns will be within 2 standard 
   deviations) and then calculating the ratio of this range and dividing by 2.
Backtest Parameters:  
Region   U.S.
Population Top 1,000
# of stocks 50
First Date 1996
Last Date 12/31/05
Sector Constrain Yes
Rebalance periodicity Monthly
Number to rebalance 4